Alexander Mimran's Blog
Alexander Mimran's Blog

I keep public thoughts here, and my private ones on Penzu.

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March 3rd, 1:10pm 0 comments

People, Not Messages.

New project. Coming soon:

http://minbox.co

January 11th, 6:53pm 0 comments

Connected Products of the Future

Samsung-rf4289-img0924engadget

Samsung's wi-fi connected "Smart-Fridge" pictured above.

 

If you think we're "connected" now, brace yourself for a big paradigm shift. As wifi and 4G/5G becomes more pervasive (and cheap), and as hardware like touch-screens, processors, and storage plummet to $0, we'll soon be netoworked like never before. That means that all products and people, anywhere in the world, will have the ability to communicate with each other at the speed of light. Which can circle the earth over 7 times in one second.

Designers, creators, and marketers have to consider this as early into product development as possible. There's a ton of opportunity if this "connectedness" is baked in early. The old world model is to "make something great and then market it". But as the old TV-Industrial complex comes to a grinding halt, the mantra will be "make something great that markets itself".

Marketers are relying less and less on traditional methods, like word of mouth, for growth. The Lean Startup ethos makes it clear: word of mouth is too slow. And advertising in old-world channels doesn't work like it used to. Print ads are dying, TV ad buys are targeted to major brands (who seem to be buying large blocks of ad inventory and repeating ads to death), radio, PR, the whole thing is being turned on its head. 

The new school is being lead by Facebook and so-called "social media" (I hate that term). Social networks are our "connectedness" at the moment, and products are jumping on the bandwagon, sometimes incorrectly. At the moment, each network has a specific utility and structure, which might not lend it self properly to a particular use-case (like wifi scales that tweet your weight to all your followers - I really don't get that). But, opening this channel up is really important. We're inherently social creatures. We can't live in isolation and maintain our mental health (easily). Human interaction is the most important thing in our lives, even if it is with a small group of friends/family.

In the not-so-distant future, we'll easily be able share anything we want in an instant. Not a blast to everyone, though. There'll be a shift to something more dynamic — Google+ is trying to play that role, so far it is off to a rocky start. Android's rocketing install base might help with that, though...

As this social channel matures and finds a groove that is more in-tune with our real behavior, non-web products will be more and more connected. Wifi scales (mentioned above) might not make sense for Twitter or Facebook, but they may for another social service. Wifi fridges should be able to tell you more than just the weather. Ideally, we want access to valuable information that was previously latent, and then have the ability to communicate that information to relevant people or "circles". For example, if ovens are connected to the web, which isn't far off at all, when mom puts dinner in, the kids will get an iMessage that lasagna will be ready in 45min. Or if my BMX bike was connected, it could tell my buddies when I landed an awesome trick.

This, while having enormous utility to the user, also has tremendous value to product creators. In the example above, the type of BMX bike would be included in that message, giving way to viral growth. A BMX Facebook "Page" isn't gonna do that. Neither is a like or mention on Facebook. Not yet, at least. There's too much noise.

I know this isn't a new thought. Futurists envisioned this world decades ago. But the key is that we need to evolve our ideation—especially for web products. What we build will be an order of magnitude more effective if the growth engine is woven into the fabric of the product. Not forcing it, though: some things aren't meant to be shared. If you'd share it with your friends offline, then chances are you'll do the same online. If the sharing methods don't fit or make sense now, they will later. Mark my words!

So embrace social, y'all. Maybe not Zuck's social, but social in general. It isn't a fad. It's hardwired into our psyche. 
December 4th, 10:07pm 0 comments

Time

Time

The title of this post is pretty ironic considering I haven't written in my blog in some...

No excuses, of course. But things have been busy. I'll try to make more room for blogging in the coming months, especially since a cadre of my millions of readers have been mailing me beautiful (but angry) hand-calligraphed letters demanding more of my poignant prose. This one is for you, Judy. 

Time is everything. It's the only thing we have. Despite being infinite, it runs out for us pretty quick. As Henry David Thoreau said, "Time is but the stream I go a-fishing in."  

More perplexing is that time is relative. It moves way slower for a house fly than it does for us. Everything has it's own relationship with time, and that can change from moment to moment. Our perception of time gets skewed everyday - 5 minutes in a jammed, smelly, subway car feels way longer than 5 minutes on a golf course (for me at least).  

I gained a new appreciation for time a couple weeks ago at the Toronto Startup Weekend. We had only 48 hours to prepare a demo and pitch of Unbox to a panel of judges - the entire weekend was a blur. It was as if I was being controlled by someone/something else, my body just going through the motions at mach-speed. And we managed to pull it off, placing second behind Herobox

I would have never thought what we did was possible to do in 2 days. But you CAN bend time to your will. With the right help and a good plan, almost anything is doable. I had a great team of guys that pulled through, creating a live demo that wowed the crowd. 

I've also realized the opposite since Unbox has been unfolding (er unboxing): time is required to make big decisions and solve big problems. Your subconscious needs cycles to crunch through data. One night you think you've got the solution, wake up the next day and things might be completely different. Sleep is crucial to tying the loose ends left behind from the day. The old saying, "I'll sleep on it" has a lot of truth to it. 

It takes a lot of patience to let things happen and fall into place. Einstein said, "Time exists to stop everything from happening at once." Just like a puzzle, with pieces scattered on the table, some missing, some hidden, it can't be done all at once. But if you start with the corner pieces (always) and get the obvious ones clicked together, the landscape starts to appear.

Unfortunately, though, moving fast and slow at the same time is paradoxical. My solution is to move fast on the knowns. Go hard where there is least resistance while trying not to box (wink) yourself in. There will be some waste, some imperfections, but time waits for no one...

The photo was taken in Sri Lanka at the Kandy train station. The clock displays the departure time for train #2. 
August 3rd, 4:18pm 0 comments

Breaking Through Walls

If all the obstacles in your life are walls, this is how to overcome them. Running full speed, with no fear, not stopping, even if there's another wall waiting for you on the other side.

If you're starting a company or running a startup, there will be no shortage of walls. And no shortage of others putting up walls just to slow you down. Apps getting rejected, competitors launching new products, natural disasters, the list goes on. Persistence and determination will get you through each challenge... and onto the next.

If you aren't running, get going! Simply walking won't get you through walls. GO!

June 7th, 5:36pm 1 comment

Why iCloud is a Big Deal for Startups

Icloud

Yesterday's keynote at WWDC 2011 was chock-full with juicy feature announcements and service unveilings. The biggest one, however, was iCloud, Apple's new cloud service that integrates with your current Apple ID and syncs all your device info to this data center in North Carolina (apparently filled with HP servers!).

There's been lots of talk that this isn't anything new, that Amazon and Google have been offering this for a while and Apple is just late to the game. Well it's much different in my opinion, mainly because of it's impact on small consumer web startups via Apple's largest beachhead: the App Store.

Let's say you have an idea for a web app, and in order to build it you need to (in no specific order): 

1. Learn or hire a dev that is fluent in HTML, CSS, JS, Rails/Python/PHP/etc
2. Get a UX designer to create mockups for the devs
3. If you charge for your app, setup a Paypal Merchant account or use another merchant bank, and integrate it into your app
4. Register yourself as a business or create a corp
5. Buy a domain (that doesn't suck or cost a fortune)
6. Make sure your app works across all browsers
7. (and most importantly) Build a scalable backend architecture with app and database servers, storage, and load balancing

This last point is probably the priciest and most technically challenging thing to do, especially as your app scales. Even more, if your app is bandwidth heavy, things can get out of hand and instantly break or put you under. But, if you decide to develop for iOS and OSX instead (and maybe even Safari or the web if the iCloud API allows for it), the above list gets flipped on its head:

1. Learn or hire a Obj-C dev
2. Get a designer (but not as crucial since the HIG and built in UI elements from Apple can go a long way)
3. Setup your iTunes Connect and Developer account

No longer do you have to worry about scaling with demand, the App Store and iCloud will handle that. All storage and database worries aren't the developers responsibility anymore, and all reside locally on the device and/or in Apple's iCloud server-farm. The notion that only web apps are cloud based has been thrown out the window. This value prop is now available to native clients for FREE. This is big. 

So if you're starting a new project and want to get something out quickly and at a low cost, the App (and Mac) Store's awesome distribution channel (serving over 250 million devices), seamless merchant tools and reporting, and incredible development environment and APIs (READ quick but powerful features) makes the decision a no brainer. Build your mobile app first, the rest later. 

This is already a growing trend, and we'll probably see an entire ecosystem like the one we have for web apps start to emerge. Split testing tools, user testing services, more open APIs, and the like will most likely be available. 

This is a win for Apple, a win for users, and another big win for Obj-C. I'm excited to see how this all plays out.
Filed under Lean Startup
June 4th, 8:53pm 2 comments

Simple-Product/Sub-Market Fit

Top-heavy-1

Andrew Chen's recent post on product/market fit reawakened some questions I've had about the topic. It seems to be the most crucial and sought after stage in the life to a successful startup, but at the same time the most elusive. So far, p/m fit has been defined as:

"... [Being] in a good market with a product that can satisfy that market." (Marc Andreessen, who coined the term in this post)

“Customer Validation proves that you have found a set of customers and a market who react positively to the product: By relieving those customers of some of their money.” (Steve Blank)

"In my experience, achieving product/market fit requires at least 40% of users saying they would be “very disappointed” without your product." (Sean Ellis)

Identifying when you've hit p/m fit is hard because every case is different. The p/m fit that the above people are talking about is usually one of extremely high volume and high growth businesses, which is ideal when looking at it from an investor's perspective. However, big markets often take a sizable team and hefty bank-roll to capture, especially if it's an established market with lots of competition and high costs/barriers to entry. Most founders don't have the experience or credentials to raise money on an unproven idea, and most investors will take an established company with traction over a fancy slide deck. Not only that, but going after that big market at first doesn't allow you to learn, iterate, and measure through the lean startup feedback loop.
Simple-Product/Sub-Market Fit

In my opinion, the best way to achieve product/market fit is to narrow your focus and go after a niche market with a basic product (MVP) and try to get that growing/earning/sticking first. The key is to start with a sub-market, or a piece of a much larger market, and work your way up. Would you climb Everest before Kilimanjaro, or the other way around? Would you play Pebble Beach before learning to golf on cheap public courses? Would you enroll in the World Series of Poker for $10k before playing a smaller local tournament?
Pump the breaks! Don't try to beat Paypal out of the gate. Instead build a focused payments product for groups . Don't try to build the next Facebook, instead build a mobile photo sharing app for closed networks of friends. These are all simple apps that take on a smaller sub-section of a larger market, and thus have reached sub-market fit with a simple (but effective) product. They technically already have p/m fit just in a smaller market with a basic product.

Opposites of this trend are plentiful. Blekko hasn't made much of a dent in the search market yet, and they've been at it for 4 years and have raised $25M (although they've inadvertently addressed the techie sub-market with their tagging feature, so some credit is due). Cuil ($33M in funding), SearchMe ($43M in funding) and Powerset ($22.5M in funding) have fizzled because they went after a massive highly-competitive market out of the gate with a product that should have been built for a niche audience first.

Segway is a famous example. The vision required a lot of upfront capital and R&D which pretty much priced them out of the mainstream market, ruining their chances for a instant mainstream success. The Segway has become a great vehicle for certain use cases like city tours, security patrol, managers of large manufacturing companies that need to drive around their facility, arenas and stadiums, airports, etc. This is where the Segway should have started. Quietly make sales to satisfy these smaller markets, driving down the cost of production so that the later models could be sold in a Walmart at a reasonable cost. 

Color is unfortunately becoming the most recent case study of going too big too soon. They had a very counter-intuitive product that needed a ton of iterating and network effects before raising a boatload of money, let alone publicly launching. Everyone, especially Robert Scoble, was dumbfounded by the first user experience. Had they released their product at SXSW like Twitter or to a smaller audience in a localized geography, they wouldn't could have gotten feedback early and maybe avoid tainting their brand. 

Chris Dixon has an excellent post about this, dubbing it the "thin edge of the wedge" strategy. It's basically starting with a smaller market and simple product to satisfy that market to get your foot in the door. Trying to take Rome in a day requires an army, but having a long-term strategy and evolving plan is key to making an impact with a small team in today's crowded markets. 

Conclusion

Product/market fit is still a valid and useful term. But in my opinion it isn't a singular event. You will ultimately want multiple product-market fits (or sub-market fits), each time getting closer to the larger market allowing you to learn and iterate along the way. Doesn't mean your vision won't be realized, or that you have to start with a product you don't want to build. Evaluate a market on quality of competition, size of the overall market, and difficulty of the problem and then whittle down the market as much as possible. Scale back too far, and you're making stuff like this. The right balance of humility and patience will make for a much higher rate of success, decreased risk, and hopefully an anti-trend will emerge of sustanaible startups.

We did this with Penzu: started in a subsection (journaling) of a larger market (writing and note-taking) and achieved simple-product/sub-market fit. We positioned ourselves in an even smaller niche at first by focusing on private (as opposed to public) writing. Penzu is the best app for journaling on the web and has paved the way for us to realize the original (larger) vision of putting a note-pad on the web.

Update: Great concept by David Lee (and Chris Dixon) by paying attention to how YOU fit with your market, called founder-market fit. Should be the first filter used when picking your next project. 

 

April 26th, 11:56am 0 comments

The Rapper

I'm going to attempt a series of blog posts that profile other professions that aren't commonly thought of as entrepreneurial. They're all incredible lessons that we can all learn from, especially those of us in different verticals. First, The Rapper:

Notorious-big-e1294419564260
Above is a picture of Christopher Wallace, more popularly known as Biggie Smalls or the Notorious B.I.G. He was arguably one of the greatest rappers to ever live, even though it was only for a short 25 years. His story is pretty amazing (check out the movie) but not necessarily a unique one. A ton of rappers have come from similar beginnings so these lessons can be applied to many successful hip-hop artists.

PROFILE

Biggie was born to a single mother in Brooklyn in the early 70s. Like many families in the area they struggled to get by, his mom had to work two jobs to support them. He eventually turned to dealing crack at the age of 12 to make his own money, and dropped out of school to become a dealer until he was arrested at 18 years old and put in prison for 9 months. Apparently prison is where he was able to think and focus on his craft. He came out and recorded his first demo which piqued the interest of Sean Combs (then at Uptown Records) and kick-started his career. Biggie Smalls became a phenom in the east-coast rapping scene, his first album going platinum and his second "Life After Death" is one of the best selling albums of all time. 

NOTORIOUS L.E.A.N.

As an entrepreneur, Biggie (and rappers alike), are the truest form. They create value and success from almost nothing. You can break down the process he went through and compare it to how a startup (lean in particular) gets to scale:

1. Product/Market

Entreprenuers have to make a choice early on: what do I want to work on? What problem or market excites me? I don't think Biggie was ever considering Country music—he had immense passion for rap and was doing this in his spare time. He didn't have to think about it much, it just came to him naturally (speaking of which, check out my previous post on this topic). He was rapping on the streets and had his skill perfected early on (see incredible video of his freestyle on the streets of Brooklyn—probably at the age of 17—below).  So his vertical didn't require much initial thought.

 

2. Customer Discovery

For rappers, their market is fairly obvious so very little customer discovery (finding out WHO your customer is) is required. Their "sound" is their brand and is what sets them apart — like a company's positioning. Just like a competing product in a crowded market, their voice can't be the same as another rapper, neither can their flow or cadence.

Biggie nailed this: his voice was so distinct and his flow so unmistakeable that others around him new he had something special. Also, at the time his lyrics and subject matter were pretty novel (now, rapping about violence etc is more than the norm). Eminem is another example of an MC who can't be mistaken—his lyrics and his tone are like nobody else’s. Combine that with one-of-a-kind beats and you've got a solid start.

Most entrepreneurs, however, will tell you that a good product isn't enough. The biggest obstacle is always distribution, which in the record industry is run by the 4 or 5 major labels. So without the help of the oligopoly, you might as well give up on the dream of Cristal and gold chains since the odds aren't in your favor. More on this later...

3. Demo/Prototype

This is usually in the form of a demo tape or rough track recorded (at least in the 90s) on a cheap multi-track recorder. For a web startup, this is often a quickly coded site (AKA a MVP) that solves the core problem or performs the desired task. Music doesn't solve a problem directly, so it's efficacy is way harder to measure. It's something that must be tested on crowds first, however the gut feeling from a record exec, given their distribution power, can be enough. 

Biggie created a demo that somehow made it's way to Sean ("P. Diddy") Combs, who wasn't exactly a big shot. He signed Biggie but was immediately fired from Uptown. He believed in him so much (and a few other artists like Craig Mack and Faith Evans) that he launched his own label, Bad Boy Records. That was a risky step for him, akin to an angel investor backing a tiny team. Diddy saw what Biggie COULD BE and helped develop the end product. Having an angel investor like that is key: one who can see the same vision you see and has the experience, contacts, and now-how to execute and accelerate towards it. 

4. Customer Validation

Customer validation is optimizing your product to solve the problem or goal you set in step one. Are people dancing to my music? Are they buying single tracks? Music groups and bands do a ton of live shows and concerts to get an early following and to learn which songs work and which don't. In Biggie's case there wasn't much to it; you might say that he was doing discovery and validation since he was a young boy, rapping for his friends and freestyling on the streets. His rise to popularity was fast, his product not changing much along the way.

Biggie definitely did shows and was a feature on other Bad Boy tracks before his single dropped. That might have been a way to get his name out there and see how people react as well, sort of like a beta or developer preview.

5. Customer Creation

Customer creation is your distribution and marketing. Getting customers and making sure that you can repeat the process. Since the music industry is a well oiled machine, their strategies for this were already established. Music videos, award shows, commercials, concerts, interviews, and the like (usually through media channels they own) are all part of the process. 

A startup usually has limited resources and in this step is figuring out how to create customers ad infinitum. In essence they are finding a distribution and marketing strategy that operates at a positive ROI. For example, a concert tour for a private online journaling tool won't create enough (or even the right) customers to justify the expense.

6. Scale

Once all the above has been attained/completed, it's time to throw as much money behind this as possible and scale. Get as many fans, customers, and as much product out there as you can. For a tech startup this may mean raising more money, beefing up back-end architecture, and staffing up. For an artist this means coming out with multiple albums, doing a tour, collaborations, and more.

Biggies second and last album, named Life After Death was released posthumously (ironically). The media attention from his shooting and the East Coast / West Coast rivalry surrounding it was a huge bonus for Bad Boy and others. It definitely brought hip-hop and rap to the forefront and made it a part of mainstream culture in the US. 

Others have written about the correlation between starting a band and a startup, which is spot on. If you're thinking of doing either, there's always so much to learn before starting out. Lean principles are especially applicable and might give you more control than shooting in the dark. Rock on, Eric and Steve!
April 10th, 1:40am 0 comments

Do What Comes Naturally

Naturally_blogpost

Recently while taking a shower I noticed the slogan on my shampoo bottle: Do what comes naturally. Not sure if it's the best fit for the Kiss My Face brand (I know, their products are natural, but still it doesn't work as well as it could), but I love the sentiment. It struck me as worthy of a blog post since I've given it thought numerous times...

Simple but powerful: If you are good at something, don't fight it. Do what comes naturally. 

This seems so obvious but you'd be surprised how many people try to make things harder than they should be. If there is something you can do better than most people, something that doesn't require much effort but at the same time brings you joy, then that is your calling. Don't go down a path that "makes sense" or is "what people expect". Do what you do and you'll be happy you did.

Obvious examples of this are in sports, where a person just has a natural gift despite the odds. Spud Webb, born out of poverty and way too short to consider being an athelete—let alone a basketball player—won the 1986 slam dunk contest over defending champ Dominique Wilkins, who was over a foot taller than him:

Clearly Spud had a gift. He was doing what came naturally to him. Give him a basketball, and he knew what to do with it. I doubt he could do the same with a paintbrush. And vice versa: Michaelangelo gravitated towards art at such a young age, despite his father's wishes for him to "study grammar with the Humanist Francesco da Urbino in Florence" (thanks Wikipedia). I doubt he would have been a very good point guard. Steve Jobs said that he "saw" the iPhone before it was made. He envisoined a device that changed the world long before it was designed. Imagine if he had been a farmer!! He can see the future of computing (and always could) so doing other stuff was never an option—though he did try meddling with animation, but John Lasseter at Pixar purposely kept him out of the loop. 

Obviously, as Malcolm Gladwell argues in Outliers, talent is just the kernel. It takes thousands of hours of practice to hone a skill and to be the best at your craft. Just because something is easy for you doesn't mean you'll be the best right away. But you gotta start somewhere.

Another point: it doesn't have to be your passion. Actually, so many people are passionate about things they suck at. Mainly because they want to prove to themselves that they can do it. One thing that an entrepreneur has to learn quickly is to stick to what he's good at. If you aren't good with numbers or filing, don't do your own bookkeeping. If you're a crappy designer, hire one. Help isn't for the weak, it's what all successful people have done at one point or another so they could focus on what they do best. 

So pour yourself a glass of Mangosteen juice, sit on the couch without the TV on, and figure out what it is that you have always been able to do with ease. It will take some work to find it—a skill that comes easy is often taken for granted—but when you do, see how you can use and hone that skill going forward. You'll be happier for it, I promise.

 

 

March 8th, 4:57pm 0 comments

Priority & Patience

3194133751_98648e10bd

The latest juice from my mind-grapes: the two most important things you'll need to do as an entrepreneur are PRIORITIZING and exercising PATIENCE... 

First, Priority ;) 

I'm assuming that you already have ideas or product improvements which you have yet to prioritize (if not, that's another post for later). For me, good ideas and features are a curse. Mainly because I have to choose which one in the heap is best when it's hard to measure what the outcome will be beforehand. To guide me in these uncertain situations, I've been following some basic rules:

1. Work on features that affect the most users/customers. I got this from the Campaign Monitor guys when featured on the 37 Signals blog. It made a lot of sense: if you're working on a small piece of your product when there are other things that can be added or improved upon that affect significantly more users, then you're wasting your time. Lately we've added some incredible features to Penzu that affect everyone AND satisfy the next point...

2. Spend time on things that enhance your differentiation. This isn't anything new, but people tend to lose focus when chasing the money dragon. If you've got a list of features, work on the ones that amplify your uniqueness or expands it in ways your users (or competition) will never expect. An example for us was adding Prompts — something that I haven't seen on the web before — which has improved the overall journaling experience for all our users.

3. Only choose what will help you achieve your most sought-after goal. if your goal is to get a lot of users, work on things that will DEFINITELY get you more users. If you goal is to increase sales, work on things that will boost your top line. You get the picture. Focus on specific goals and implement things that WILL work. The ones that might not aren't top priority. Start with the ones that have a better chance, like increasing your price point to boost revenues (so long as you've tested it first so that the conversion dip doesn't result in a net loss). 

A note for the above: Make sure you are measuring and learning from your additions and product changes. Set a goal for each, and see how you measure up. Doesn't have to be a precise goal, just something to give you an idea of progress and efficacy. All your prioritization should have a layer of metrics and data supporting it and driving it. Easier said than done, but get an AARRR refresher here if you need one.

Next, Patience (Thanks for Being Patient)

This is tough for me, but everything takes time. Especially when you have a small team. Bigger undertakings take even longer, so I often look at what satisfies the above criteria AND if it can be done in a short period time. Sometimes you need to tackle the big pieces, especially if they are top priority. But don't dive into a big feature unless you are almost certain it will help satisfy your goals. This can be done from user feedback, analytics, etc. 

With us, the more time that passes, the better things will get. Period. The product will get better, we will get smarter, and our user base will continue to grow. That's comforting to know: that we won't die without constant attention. (Tortoise and the Hare come to mind.) This helps ease the startup stress, especially after reading about other simple startups/ideas exiting for bajillions of dollars.

Also, rushing gets you nowhere. Trying to whip something incomplete out there (and especially those that market half-assed products too early) usually end up regretting the early launch. Take your time, stay quiet, learn learn learn, and then decide how to launch or market your product (love this article on launching by Eric Ries btw). Fast is often overrated. If you have competitors breathing down your neck, and a list of obvious features, then speed is crucial. But not essential. Get the product working so you don't have to double-back. If it's taking too long, then trim your todo list! 

The 37 Signals guys are great at preaching the above. Rework is spot on. So stop scrambling, stressing, and asking the wrong people for feedback (which can sometimes be a small group of your users that will take you to the local maximum). Save your midnight oil for the things that matter and start building quality, useful, and efficient products!

That's it for now. Comment below if you have any thoughts!

Photo source: flickr.com/photos/lwr/3194133751/
December 30th, 4:42pm 0 comments

Paleo Diet: The First (and Last) Diet!

Evolutionofman
I've been obsessed with the Paleo diet lately. After reading a post on Tim Ferriss' blog, I was hooked. I've been reading and learning and it's something that opened my eyes to a completely new way to live. If you struggle with staying healthy, especially through bad food choices, read this (and this) book and it will change your life. 

Summed up, the paleo diet is eating according to our history and genetics. The way we eat, the fuel that the modern world runs on, isn't suited for us. Our hunter-and-gatherer ancestors ate a specific diet for millions of years, and just recently (in the last 5,000-10,000 years) we drastically changed what we consume. We became agrarian—which allowed for modern civilization to exist as we know it—but at the cost of our health and well-being.

Hunters and gatherers were extremely fit, tall, and almost disease free. This was because of regular exercise and eating a consistent diet of lean meats, fresh fruits, and seasonal vegetables. The above pic is exactly what happened. We moved from a healthy lifestyle to being fattened up by starchy carbs and more recently processed foods. Before farming, things like grains, dairy, and legumes didn't exist (how can you milk a wild cow?). These foods are now the mainstay of our diet (and economy) and are not inline with our genetic requirements. 

There's lots of evidence to back this up, but the main one that gets me is this: they feed grain to pigs and cows to fatten them up. Yes, we make our animals obese. And that's only done through overfeeding of corn and other grains. It's so bad that cows who eat this stuff get sick—because of the havoc it wreaks on the immune system—and so anitbiotics are used to keep them alive long enough so they can be slaughtered. Terrible. A great post by John Robbins outlines some frightening things. A must read. 

Without getting all technical, this is the gist. 

Things to never eat:
- grains and grain products
- dairy
- legumes
- processed foods
- too much saturated fat

Eat in moderation:
- sea salt
- alcohol
- sugar (unrefined, like raw honey, agave, or maple syrup are the best)

Things you can eat unlimited amounts of:
- lean grass-fed meats
- wild fish and seafood
- poultry
- veggies
- fruits

If you want to learn more, and lose weight immediately, cure your diabetes, prevent cancer, osteoporosis, and more, read the books mentioned above. You will never look at the world the same!